全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3561篇 |
免费 | 75篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2451篇 |
晶体学 | 42篇 |
力学 | 64篇 |
数学 | 167篇 |
物理学 | 922篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 47篇 |
2019年 | 47篇 |
2018年 | 40篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 49篇 |
2015年 | 53篇 |
2014年 | 69篇 |
2013年 | 155篇 |
2012年 | 141篇 |
2011年 | 179篇 |
2010年 | 119篇 |
2009年 | 114篇 |
2008年 | 182篇 |
2007年 | 205篇 |
2006年 | 190篇 |
2005年 | 140篇 |
2004年 | 125篇 |
2003年 | 134篇 |
2002年 | 137篇 |
2001年 | 109篇 |
2000年 | 127篇 |
1999年 | 78篇 |
1998年 | 50篇 |
1997年 | 47篇 |
1996年 | 35篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 52篇 |
1992年 | 46篇 |
1991年 | 45篇 |
1990年 | 36篇 |
1989年 | 46篇 |
1988年 | 48篇 |
1987年 | 43篇 |
1986年 | 35篇 |
1985年 | 51篇 |
1984年 | 51篇 |
1983年 | 47篇 |
1982年 | 43篇 |
1981年 | 29篇 |
1980年 | 32篇 |
1979年 | 48篇 |
1978年 | 43篇 |
1977年 | 47篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 26篇 |
1974年 | 30篇 |
1973年 | 15篇 |
1967年 | 16篇 |
排序方式: 共有3646条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
11.
S. Homma-Takeda Y. Nishimura Y. Watanabe H. Imaseki M. Yukawa 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2004,259(3):521-525
Stage-specific and age-dependent profiles of zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium in testis were examined in Wistar rats
by both inductively coupled argon plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with a microdissection technique and in situ elemental
imaging of micro-PIXE analysis. The young adult animals (10 weeks old) contained higher levels of zinc and manganese in the
seminiferous tubules at stages VII-VIII than stages XI through VI and IX-X and the levels were higher than those of the immature
and old animals. Copper and selenium levels at stages VII-VIII of the young adult animals were also higher than those of the
immature and old animals. In stages VII and VIII, zinc was higher in the central area of the seminiferous epithelium, where
spermatozoa were localized, demonstrating a cell-specific property.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
S Watanabe R R Anderson S Brorson G Dalickas J G Fujimoto T J Flotte 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1991,53(6):757-762
Threshold radiant exposures for grossly apparent immediate whitening and ultrastructural alterations of melanosomes in black guinea pig skin were determined for a series of red visible laser pulses ranging from 4 x 10(-4) to 6.5 x 10(-14) s. Threshold exposures for melanosomal injury were found to be independent of pulsewidth when the pulsewidths were below the estimated thermal relaxation time of melanosomes. Threshold radiant exposures for melanosomal injury were found to increase when the pulsewidths were approximately equal to or above the thermal relaxation time of melanosomes. At longer pulse durations, fracturing of melanosomes was not observed despite the longer exposures necessary for injury. Instead, perimelanosomal vacuoles were noted. These findings are consistent with the theory of selective photothermolysis and provide evidence for the thermal initiation of melanosomal disruption. 相似文献
13.
We have investigated the photoluminescence (PL) properties of trace amounts of Pr and Tb in single-crystal samples of yttria-stabilized zironia (YSZ), and found that Pr of the order of 10−6 mass% and Tb of the order of 10−5 mass% in YSZ can be detected by the PL spectroscopy. The PL spectra of the YSZ samples for the 280 nm excitation were comprised of several peaks and a broad emission. The peaks were attributed to transitions of Pr3+ and Tb3+ in the YSZ samples, whereas the broad emission seemed to be attributed to the yttria-associated oxygen vacancies. The peak intensities corresponded to the amounts of Pr and Tb in the YSZ samples, the amounts of which were analyzed by glow discharge mass spectrometry. In the PL excitation spectra, but not in the photoabsorption spectra, small peaks at 376 and 381 nm were observed, and were attributed to the transitions of Tb3+ in the YSZ samples. The results of the PL excitation spectra corresponding to the Pr3+ line emissions suggest that the charge transfer occurs between the YSZ and Pr ion in it. The trace amounts of these lanthanoids in YSZ would disturb the decay process of the photoinduced electrons to the yttria-associated oxygen vacancies. 相似文献
14.
THE FIRST EXPERIMENT OF A THz GYROTRON WITH A PULSE MAGNET 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. Idehara H. Tsuchiya O. Watanabe La Agusu S. Mitsudo 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2006,27(3):319-331
A THz gyrotron with a pulse magnet has been designed, constructed and operated in FIR FU. It is developed as one of high frequency
gyrotrons included in Gyrotron FU Series. The gyrotron has already achieved the first experimental result for high frequency
operations whose radiation frequency exceeds 1 THz. In this paper, the design detail and the operation test results for sub-terahertz
to terahertz range are described. The second harmonic operation is confirmed experimentally at the expected frequency of 1.005
THz due to TE6,11 cavity mode at the magnetic field intensity of 19.0 T. 相似文献
15.
35Cl NQR as well as heat capacity measurements of [(PyO)H][AuCl4] and its deuterated analog [(PyO)D][AuCl4] revealed successive phase transitions at 70.5 and 62.5 K, and at 71 and 63 K, respectively. The NQR frequency varied continuously through the upper transition point while discontinuously through the lower transition point. In the intermediate-temperature phase a remarkable decrease in the signal intensity was observed. These NQR observations as well as the feature of the heat capacity anomaly in which a broad peak is succeeded by a sharp peak with decreasing temperature suggest a possibility of normal-incommensurate-commensurate phase sequence. 相似文献
16.
Y Watanabe M Suda Y Matsumoto K Takayama M Matsumoto W Zhao 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》1991,39(9):2391-2394
The dissolution behavior of the aspirin enteric granule prepared using acylglycerols, glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and glyceryl trilaurate (GTL), was investigated in vitro and in human subjects in a fasting or non-fasting state. Aspirin was slowly released from the granule in vitro at pH 1.2. No acceleration of the aspirin dissolution rate in the medium without lipase and cholic acid was observed when the pH level of the medium increased to a neutral region (pH 6.4). However, the dissolution of aspirin was significantly increased by increasing the concentrations of lipase and cholic acid in the medium. Lipase appears to play an essential role in the dissolution process of aspirin granules. In human subjects, the average levels of the cumulative amount of total salicylate excreted in a urine-time curve, and the mean residence time (MRT) obtained after oral administration of a granule in the fasting state were markedly delayed in comparison with the results observed using an aqueous solution and a crystalline form of aspirin. In comparing the fasting condition with the non-fasting condition (after food ingestion), no significant difference was recognized in the total amount of salicylate excreted in urine to an infinite time (Ae(infinity)), whether the MRT was obtained by granule, crystalline form or aqueous solution. It can be concluded that aspirin granule prepared by GMS and GTL has a property of pancreatic lipase-sensitive dissolution, and its bioavailability is unaffected by food intake. 相似文献
17.
We found a strong paraoxon-hydrolyzing activity (23.4 +/- 8.50 nmol/h/individual and 137 +/- 86.2 nmol/h/mg protein) in the crude extract from larvae of Culex tritaeniorhynchus Toyama 89, which is markedly resistant to organophosphorous insecticides. The activity was higher than those from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus re-e-ae (0.175 +/- 0.0336 and 1.83 +/- 0.651), Anopheles omorii (0.112 +/- 0.0301 and 1.86 +/- 0.746) and An. stephensi (0.0651 +/- 0.0713 and 0.789 +/- 0.910), which are susceptible to organophosphorous insecticides. These facts suggest that the high paraoxon-hydrolyzing activity plays a role in the development of organophosphorous resistance in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The enzyme preparation obtained from Toyama 89 showed higher activity in the alkaline pH range and its Km values to paraoxon were 0.67 mM in larvae and 0.50 mM in adults. A calcium ion was strictly required for the hydrolysis of paraoxon. Fenitroxon was also hydrolyzed, in addition to paraoxon. However, it did not degradate parathion and fenitrothion at all. Dichlorvos and phenyl acetate competitively inhibited the enzyme. The phenyl acetate-hydrolyzing activity in the preparation of Toyama 89 was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than those in susceptible strains, and was irreversibly inhibited by paraoxon. Therefore, the paraoxon-hydrolyzing activity belongs to the class of organophosphate compound hydrolases; it must be thus distinguished from bacterial phosphotriesterase. 相似文献
18.
19.
The educational system has gradually shifted from a face-to-face to an e-learning system, which has become prevalent in advanced countries with the advance of information technology, and connection of global networks. Accordingly, a growing demand is emerging for more reliable individual certification with technical precision in order to measure and record learning achievements and credentials of participants. The present system has a limit in terms of registration capacity, therefore, its accuracy has often been questioned. Against this background, an individual certification system is proposed particularly for access control in e-learning. Under our proposed system, a compact optical correlator for facial recognition is employed. This correlator was previously tested for of biometrics authentication accuracy and proved highly reliable, having recorded remarkably low error rates (below 1%). The recorded error rate is sufficiently robust that the system itself can be regarded as a valid and practical viable attestation system. 相似文献
20.
The study reported in this paper investigated perceptions concerning connections between mathematics and science held by university/college instructors who participated in the Maryland Collaborative for Teacher Preparation (MCTP), an NSF-funded program aimed at developing special middle-level mathematics and science teachers. Specifically, we asked (a) “What are the perceptions of MCTP instructors about the ‘other’ discipline?” (b) “What are the perceptions of MCTP instructors about the connections between mathematics and science?” and (c) “What are some barriers perceived by MCTP instructors in implementing mathematics and science courses that emphasize connections?” The findings suggest that the benefits of emphasizing mathematics and science connections perceived by MCTP instructors were similar to the benefits reported by school teachers. The barriers reported were also similar. The participation in the project appeared to have encouraged MCTP instructors to grapple with some fundamental questions, like “What should be the nature of mathematics and science connections?” and “What is the nature of mathematics/science in relationship to the other discipline?” 相似文献